Efek Teratogenik Seduhan Kopi Terhadap Kebuntingan Tikus (Rattus norvegicus L.) Tahap Pasca Implantasi Awal

Abstrak

This study aims to determine the effect of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) brew on the pregnancy of rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) during the early post-implantation stage. This research is experimental in nature using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The population and sample consisted of 24 female rats aged 2–3 months and weighing 132–182 grams, divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replications: control (water), P1 (250 mg/kg BW), P2 (300 mg/kg BW), and P3 (350 mg/kg BW). The robusta coffee brew was prepared by mixing robusta coffee powder with 2 ml of water at a temperature of 49–60°C (120–140°F), administered orally while warm on days 6–9 of pregnancy. On day 18 of pregnancy, the rats were euthanized through anesthesia and dissection. Observations were then made on post-implantation pregnancy parameters, including implantation percentage (IM), post-implantation mortality percentage (PIM), percentage of live fetuses (LF), percentage of dead fetuses (DF), percentage of resorbed embryos (RE), and malformations. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and further tested using LSD (Least Significant Difference) at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that robusta coffee brew increased the implantation percentage (%IM), with the lowest average percentage observed in P2 (29.54%) compared to K0 (32.08%), P1 (31.12%), and P3 (30.73%). It increased the percentage of post-implantation mortality (%PIM), with the highest average observed in P3 (21.32%) compared to K0 (0%), P1 (7.76%), and P2 (10.68%). It reduced the percentage of live fetuses (%LF), with the lowest average in P3 (9.41%) compared to K0 (32.08%), P1 (23.37%), and P2 (18.86%). It increased the percentage of dead fetuses (%DF), with the highest average in P3 (21.32%) compared to K0 (0%), P1 (7.75%), and P2 (10.68%). The robusta coffee brew, on average, reduced the percentage of embryo resorption (%RE), although the effect was not statistically significant. The robusta coffee brew at P3 caused malformation, specifically the absence of one leg in the fetus.