BioWallacea: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Journal of Biological Research)

Analisis Kadar Klorofil Lamun Halodule uninervis dan Enhalus acroides Di Wilayah Perairan Pesisir Kabupaten Konawe

Sri Ambardini — 2025-12-31

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik parameter fisik dan kimia perairan di pesisir pantai Kabupaten Konawe serta menentukan kadar klorofil a, b, dan klorofil total yang terkandung dalam tubuh lamun Halodule uninervis dan Enhalus acoroides yang terdapat di perairan pesisir pantai Kabupaten Konawe Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari - Mei 2024, pengambilan sampel lamun di tiga wilayah pesisir pantai, yaitu Batu Gong, Toli-toli, dan Tapulaga, Kabupaten Konawe. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengukur parameter fisik dan kimia menggunakan alat digital serta menganalisis kadar klorofil a dan b pada lamun Halodule unninervis dan Enhalus acroides dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu air pada ketiga lokasi penelitian masih berada dalam rentang baku mutu Biota laut berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 22 Tahun 2021, yaitu 28⁰C-30⁰C; TSS hanya di pesisir pantai Toli-Toli yang sesuai baku mutu, yaitu 20mg/L; TDS memiliki nilai 26mg/L- 27mg/L, jauh di bawah baku mutu (1000mg/L); nilai pH air 7,2 - 7,5 masuk dalam nilai baku mutu; Salinitas air antara 22% - 32% berada dibawah nilai baku mutu (33% 34%), dan nilai DO antara 3,6 mg/L - 3,9mg/L tergolong rendah jika dibandinkan dengan nilai baku mutu (>5 mg/L). Untuk kadar klorofil a tertinggi terdapat pada lamun Enhalus acroides di Kawasan toli-toli yaitu 25,32 mg/L, sedangkan kadar klorofil a terendah terdapat pada lamun Halodule uninervis di Kawasan Pantai Batu Gong yaitu 7,76 mg/L. Kadar klorofil b tertinggi terdapat pada lamun Halodule uninervis di Kawasan Tapulaga yaitu 12,76 mg/L, sedangkan kadar klorofil b terendah terdapat pada lamun Halodule uninervis di Kawasan Pantai Batu Gong yaitu 5,41 mg/L.

Kata Kunci: Lamun, Halodule uninervis, Enhalus acroides, Klorofil a, Klorofil b, Klorofil total, Kabupaten Konawe.

Karakteristik Morfometrik Kutu Kayu (Armadillidium vulgare) pada Lahan Karst Kecamatan Gu dan Lakudo Kabupaten Buton Tengah

Muhsin Muhsin — 2025-12-31

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfometrik kutu kayu (Armadillidium vulgare) pada lahan karst di perkebunan yang masih diolah dan bekas kebun di Kecamatan Gu dan Lakudo Kabupaten Buton Tengah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan metode eksplorasi dengan pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel secara langsung pada lokasi penelitian. Sampel tanah diambil dengan menggunakan kuadran berukuran 25 × 25 cm dengan kedalaman 10 cm. Identifikasi menggunakan jurnal acuan dari Shultz, (2018) dan Schmidt, (2008). Pengukuran morfometrik kutu kayu dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop stereo merek Leica DFC310 FC dengan parameter morfometrik yang diukur yaitu panjang tubuh, panjang antenna, panjang cephalothorax, lebar tubuh, panjang pereon dan panjang pleon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran morfometrik pada parameter panjang tubuh kutu kayu berkisar antara 5,92-8,37 mm, panjang antenna berkisar antara 1,67-1,94 mm, panjang cephalothorax berkisar antara 0,61-0,70 mm, lebar tubuh berkisar 2,67-4,14 mm, panjang pereon berkisar 4,02-5,27 mm dan panjang pleon 1,89-2,49 mm. Sehingga diketahui semakin lama lahan perkebunan ditinggalkan maka karakter morfometrik semakin besar.

The Abundance and Diversity of Soil Microarthropods at Several Stages of Land Reclamation at the Puwatu Final Disposal Site (TPA), Kendari Southeast Sulawesi

Suriana Suriana — 2025-12-31

This research aims to determine the diversity and abundance of soil microarthropods at several stages of reclamation at the Puwatu Final Disposal Site (TPA), Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. The method used in this research uses a quantitative descriptive exploration method. There are three stations, namely Station 1, 5-year reclaimed land (Zone C), Station 2, 10-year reclaimed land (Zone B), and Station 3, 25-year reclaimed land (Zone A). Sampling uses a purposive sampling method. Soil samples were taken using a Soil Ring Sampler, then the soil samples were extracted using a Tullgren Funnel. Identification of microarthropods using a digital stereo microscope. The environmental parameters measured include light intensity, soil temperature and pH, air temperature, and humidity. The results of this research obtained 32 species consisting of the Acarina and Colembolla subclasses. Diversity at station 1 is 2.99, station 2 is 3.18, and station 3 is 3.26. The abundance at station 1 is 430 individuals/m3, station 2 is 760 individuals/m3, and station 3 is 875 individuals/m3. The results of observations show that the longer the land reclamation is carried out, the greater the diversity and abundance.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan mikroartropoda tanah pada beberapa tahap reklamasi di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Puwatu, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplorasi deskriptif kuantitatif. Terdapat tiga stasiun yaitu Stasiun 1, lahan reklamasi 5 tahun (Zona C), Stasiun 2, lahan reklamasi 10 tahun (Zona B), dan Stasiun 3, lahan reklamasi 25 tahun (Zona A). Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Contoh tanah diambil dengan menggunakan Soil Ring Sampler, kemudian contoh tanah tersebut diekstraksi dengan menggunakan Corong Tullgren. Identifikasi mikroartropoda menggunakan mikroskop stereo digital. Parameter lingkungan yang diukur meliputi intensitas cahaya, suhu dan pH tanah, suhu udara, dan kelembaban. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh 32 spesies yang terdiri dari subkelas Acarina dan Coleembolla. Keanekaragaman pada stasiun 1 sebesar 2,99, stasiun 2 sebesar 3,18, dan stasiun 3 sebesar 3,26. Kelimpahan pada stasiun 1 sebanyak 430 individu/m3, stasiun 2 sebanyak 760 individu/m3, dan stasiun 3 sebanyak 875 individu/m3. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama dilakukan reklamasi lahan maka keanekaragaman dan kelimpahannya semakin besar.

Efek Teratogenik Seduhan Kopi Terhadap Kebuntingan Tikus (Rattus norvegicus L.) Tahap Pasca Implantasi Awal

Wa Ode Harlis Harlis — 2025-12-31

This study aims to determine the effect of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) brew on the pregnancy of rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) during the early post-implantation stage. This research is experimental in nature using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The population and sample consisted of 24 female rats aged 2–3 months and weighing 132–182 grams, divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replications: control (water), P1 (250 mg/kg BW), P2 (300 mg/kg BW), and P3 (350 mg/kg BW). The robusta coffee brew was prepared by mixing robusta coffee powder with 2 ml of water at a temperature of 49–60°C (120–140°F), administered orally while warm on days 6–9 of pregnancy. On day 18 of pregnancy, the rats were euthanized through anesthesia and dissection. Observations were then made on post-implantation pregnancy parameters, including implantation percentage (IM), post-implantation mortality percentage (PIM), percentage of live fetuses (LF), percentage of dead fetuses (DF), percentage of resorbed embryos (RE), and malformations. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and further tested using LSD (Least Significant Difference) at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that robusta coffee brew increased the implantation percentage (%IM), with the lowest average percentage observed in P2 (29.54%) compared to K0 (32.08%), P1 (31.12%), and P3 (30.73%). It increased the percentage of post-implantation mortality (%PIM), with the highest average observed in P3 (21.32%) compared to K0 (0%), P1 (7.76%), and P2 (10.68%). It reduced the percentage of live fetuses (%LF), with the lowest average in P3 (9.41%) compared to K0 (32.08%), P1 (23.37%), and P2 (18.86%). It increased the percentage of dead fetuses (%DF), with the highest average in P3 (21.32%) compared to K0 (0%), P1 (7.75%), and P2 (10.68%). The robusta coffee brew, on average, reduced the percentage of embryo resorption (%RE), although the effect was not statistically significant. The robusta coffee brew at P3 caused malformation, specifically the absence of one leg in the fetus.

Respon Komunitas Mikroba Terimobilisasi terhadap Stres Termal pada Peruraian Anaerob Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Deni Frans Sakka — 2025-11-30

This study investigates the response of immobilized microbial communities to thermal stress during anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Thermophilic reactors (55 °C) were operated with different immobilization media, namely natural zeolite and synthetic mesh. On day 30, the systems were subjected to thermal shock (100 °C) to assess microbial resilience. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that before treatment, microbial communities across reactors remained stable, dominated by acetogenic and methanogenic groups. After thermal stress, both control and mesh-based reactors exhibited a significant decline in functional microbes alongside an increase in opportunistic pathogens (Salmonella, Escherichia-Shigella). In contrast, zeolite-based reactors were able to recover and maintain functional microbial dominance while suppressing the proliferation of pathogens. These findings demonstrate that natural zeolite serves as an effective immobilization medium to enhance microbial community resilience against thermal stress in POME anaerobic digestion.

Studi Etnobotani Tradisional Masyarakat Di Nagari Sungai Nanam Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti Kabupaten Solok

Rafika — 2025-11-30

This traditional ethnobotanical research was conducted in Nagari Sungai Nanam, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra, which is rich in flora. This Nagari is located in a mountainous area with a type A climate, covering an area of 164.54 km² at an altitude of 1.400-1.600 meters above sea level, with cool/cold air and high rainfall (260 mm/year). These conditions support a diversity of plants, most of which are used in traditional ceremonies. This descriptive research used direct observation and interviews with the community, ninik mamak (head of the tribe), bundo sihu (head of the tribe), and traditional leaders to understand local knowledge about plants, their parts used, and the meaning and philosophy of their use in traditional ceremonies. 17 plant species from 13 families were identified., including Piper betle L., Areca catechu L., Arenga pinnata L., Nicotiana tabacum L., Enhydra fluctuans Lour, Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb, Cheilocostus speciosus (J. Koenig) C. Specht, Kalanchoe laciniata L., Citrus aurantifolia Swingle, Citrus hystrix DC, Citrus medica L., Vitex trifolia L., Musa paradisiaca L., Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav, Cordyline fruticosa L., Saccharum officinarum L, dan Sacciolepis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf

Fermented Local Food ‘Dali Ni Horbo’ from North Sumatra: Laboratory Formulation and Development of E-Flipbook for Biotechnology Subject

Alexis Rachel Maria Rosauli Napitupulu — 2025-11-30

Biotechnology is a fascinating and essential topic in high school education, requiring hands-on laboratory practices and the development of up-to-date teaching materials. Integrating conventional biotechnology with local wisdom can enhance its relevance and appeal. One traditional fermented product with educational potential is Dali Ni Horbo (DNH), a Batak dairy product produced through natural milk coagulation. Its fermentation characteristics make it suitable as a contextual medium for biotechnology learning, yet practical and innovative resources involving local products remain limited. This study aims to formulate DNH using cow's milk and goat's milk combined with natural coagulants, namely pineapple juice (Ananas comosus L.), papaya leaf juice (Carica papaya L.), and bilimbi juice (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), as well as to determine the optimal formulation based on organoleptic tests, evaluate the effect of different formulations on DNH quality, and assess the feasibility of DNH laboratory guidelines in the form of an E-Flipbook through expert validation and student feedback. The study employed an experimental research design integrated with the Research and Development (R&D) methodology. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Two-Way ANOVA, and Welch tests. Organoleptic testing by five panelists indicated that the optimal formulation was the SSN10 treatment, consisting of 200 mL cow’s milk and 10 mL pineapple juice, with a favorability score of 3.6%. Further analysis showed that the type of milk and natural coagulant used had no significant effect on the color, aroma, texture, or taste of DNH. The developed E-Flipbook demonstrated strong feasibility, receiving ratings of 95% (“Very Good”) from material validators, 93.3% (“Very Good”) from media validators, and 78% (“Good”) from language validators. Student responses were “Very Positive,” with an approval rating of 84.31%. These findings suggest that DNH can function as an effective learning material, providing practical fermentation applications while supporting the preservation of local cultural heritage.

Skrining Bakteri Endofit dari Daun Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) Penghasil Antibiotik

Nur Arfa Yanti — 2025-11-30

This study aims to isolate endophytic bacteria from sea holly leaves (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) and determine their antibacterial activity against two indicator bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218. This study is an exploratory study. Isolation of endophytic bacteria from sea holly leaves was carried out using the tissue section method on Nutrient Agar media. Antibacterial activity was tested using the well diffusion method. Characterization of endophytic bacteria was carried out based on phenotypic characters, namely colony and cell morphology characters, biochemical characters and physiological characters. A total of nine endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from sea holly leaves. Based on the results of the antibacterial test, three endophytic bacterial isolates, namely isolate DM1.1, isolate DM1.2 and isolate DM2.3 were able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli with a strong inhibition category. The characteristics of endophytic bacterial isolates DM1.1, DM1.2 and DM2.3 are rod-shaped cells (bacilli), Gram-positive, motile, catalase-negative, aerobic and able to grow at high salinity. Thus, endophytic bacteria from sea holly leaves have the potential to produce antibiotics.

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot ) Dan Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) sebagai Bahan Aktif Antimikroba Dalam Pembuatan Hand Sanitizer

Wandy Murti Prasetya — 2025-11-30

Infection remains a major public health concern in developing countries, including Indonesia. Microorganisms easily adhere to the hands through daily environmental contact, making the use of hand sanitizers an essential preventive measure. Although alcohol-based formulations are effective antimicrobial agents, frequent use may cause skin irritation. Therefore, natural compounds derived from traditional medicinal plants offer a safer alternative. Abelmoschus manihot L. (gedi) and Chromolaena odorata L. (kirinyuh) contain bioactive metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins with known antimicrobial properties. This study formulated hand sanitizers using extracts from both plants and evaluated their activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Malassezia furfur. Organoleptic assessment indicated that the preparations were liquid, with F1 (kirinyuh extract) exhibiting a green color and F2 (gedi extract) a yellowish-green color, and both were non-sticky and produced a cooling sensation. Antimicrobial testing revealed that F1 generated the largest inhibition zones against E. coli (21.19 mm) and M. furfur (26.20 mm), while F2 showed the highest activity against S. epidermidis (10.57 mm) and M. furfur (19.38 mm). However, the strong natural odor of the extracts remains a limitation, indicating the need for added fragrance to enhance product acceptability.

Senyawa Prolin, Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Tumbuhan Kamama (Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robins) di Desa Wadiabero Kecamatan Gu Wilayah Karst Kabupaten Buton Tengah

indrawati indrawati — 2025-12-17

This study aims to determine the levels of proline and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity of Kamama (Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robins) from Wadiabero Village, Gu District, Central Buton Regency. The type of exploratory research uses quantitative and qualitative methods. 600 grams of the simplicia were extracted using 96% ethanol followed by measurement of proline and flavonoid content using spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity testing was conducted using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel to obtain the linear regression equation in determining the levels of proline and flavonoid compounds and the IC₅₀ value. The result showed that the proline compound content of Kamama (Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robins) was 18,980 μmol/gram The flavonoid compound content was 2885 mg QE/g. The antioxidant activity of Kamama (Litsea glutinosa (Lour) C. B. Robins) has an IC₅₀ value of 74,391, indicating strong antioxidant activity.

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Mikroalga Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Bahan Baku Biodiesel di Sungai Mencirim Kabupaten Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara

Mitha Audifa — 2025-12-22

The problem of dwindling fossil energy sources has led to a decline in energy production in Indonesia, necessitating renewable energy that can be utilized for a long period. One renewable energy source that can be a solution to this problem is the production of biodiesel from the lipid content of microalgae in the mencirim river. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of microalgae in the mencirim river that have potential to be used as biodiesel feedstock and characteristics of microalgae that have the potential to be used as biodiesel feedstock. The research activity began with the collection of river water samples from 2 sampling ponts which were than tested for pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in the laboratory of Medan Research Standardization and Industrial Center, the next activity involved the isolation process using the streak quadrant method, resulting in 4 microalgae: Chlorella sp., Cosmarium sp., Fragilaria sp., and Cymbella sp., originating from sample point 1. Meanwhile, sample point 2 yielded isolates: Chlorella sp. and Synedra sp. During the culturing process, the growth of the microalgae was measured using a turbidimeter. The next step is to measure the lipid biomass of microalgae using the spectrophotometric method. The results of the growth rate observation showed that the highest growth rate occurred on day 5, while the lowest growth rate was on day 15. The results of lipid biomass measurements revealed that the types of microalgae in the Mencirim River with potential as biodiesel raw materials are Chlorella sp., Cosmarium sp., Fragilaria sp., and Synedra sp. The exploration of the Mencirim River thru microalgae isolation and characterization has uncovered other potential benefits from utilizing the Mencirim River.

Analisis Morfometerik Siput (Littorina scabra L.) yang Menempel Pada Tumbuhan Mangrove Di Teluk Kendari

Jamili — 2025-12-06

This study aims to determine the distribution and morphometric characteristics of the snail (Littorina scabra L.) attached to mangrove plants in Kendari Bay and to identify differences in morphometric size based on the type of mangrove on which they attach. This research is a descriptive quantitative study conducted in the mangrove area of Kendari Bay from June to July 2025. Samples were collected using purposive sampling at two research stations, namely in Lahundape and Watu-Watu Villages. Snail samples were taken directly from the roots, stems, and leaves of mangroves, and morphometric measurements were conducted, including shell length, shell width, aperture length, aperture width, and body whorl length using a vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.05 mm.The results showed that the distribution of L. scabra varied across different parts of the mangrove plants, with the highest number of individuals found on the stems and the lowest on the leaves. The morphometric sizes of L. scabra ranged from shell length 13.71–20.87 mm, shell width 8.77–12.3 mm, aperture length 7.18–10.8 mm, aperture width 6.93–9.23 mm, and body whorl length 10.51–14.9 mm. The largest size was found on Rhizophora mucronata with an average shell length of 20.87 mm, while the smallest was on Sonneratia alba with a shell length of 13.71 mm. These findings indicate that microhabitat conditions and mangrove vegetation structure influe.

Keywords: Morphometric, Littorina scabra L., Mangrove, Kendari Bay, Distribution.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan morfometrik siput (Littorina scabra L.) yang menempel pada tumbuhan mangrove di Teluk Kendari serta mengetahui perbedaan ukuran morfometrik berdasarkan jenis mangrove yang menjadi tempat menempel. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang dilakukan di kawasan mangrove Teluk Kendari pada bulan Juni hingga Juli 2025. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling pada dua stasiun penelitian, yaitu di Kelurahan Lahundape dan Kelurahan Watu-Watu. Sampel siput L. scabra diambil secara langsung dari bagian akar, batang dan daun mangrove kemudian dilakukan pengukuran morfometrik meliputi panjang cangkang, lebar cangkang, panjang bukaan cangkang, lebar bukaan cangkang dan panjang lingkaran tubuh menggunakan jangka sorong dengan ketelitian 0,05 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi L. scabra bervariasi pada setiap bagian tumbuhan mangrove, dengan jumlah individu tertinggi didapatkan pada bagian batang dan terendah pada daun. Ukuran morfometrik L. scabra bervariasi antara panjang cangkang 13,71–20,87 mm, lebar cangkang 8,77–12,3 mm, panjang bukaan cangkang 7,18–10,8 mm, lebar bukaan cangkang 6,93–9,23 mm dan panjang lingkaran tubuh 10,51–14,9 mm. Ukuran tertinggi diperoleh pada Rhizophora mucronata dengan panjang cangkang rata-rata 20,87 mm, sedangkan terendah terdapat pada Sonneratia alba dengan panjang cangkang 13,71 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi mikrohabitat dan struktur vegetasi mangrove berpengaruh terhadap variasi ukuran morfometrik siput L. scabra di Teluk Kendari.

Kata kunci: Morfometrik, Littorina scabra L. Mangrove, Teluk Kendari, Distribusi