BioWallacea: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Journal of Biological Research)

Respon Komunitas Mikroba Terimobilisasi terhadap Stres Termal pada Peruraian Anaerob Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Deni Frans Sakka, Christina Aryanti Pada Soa — Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the response of immobilized microbial communities to thermal stress during anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Thermophilic reactors (55 °C) were operated with different immobilization media, namely natural zeolite and synthetic mesh. On day 30, the systems were subjected to thermal shock (100 °C) to assess microbial resilience. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that before treatment, microbial communities across reactors remained stable, dominated by acetogenic and methanogenic groups. After thermal stress, both control and mesh-based reactors exhibited a significant decline in functional microbes alongside an increase in opportunistic pathogens (Salmonella, Escherichia-Shigella). In contrast, zeolite-based reactors were able to recover and maintain functional microbial dominance while suppressing the proliferation of pathogens. These findings demonstrate that natural zeolite serves as an effective immobilization medium to enhance microbial community resilience against thermal stress in POME anaerobic digestion.

Studi Etnobotani Tradisional Masyarakat Di Nagari Sungai Nanam Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti Kabupaten Solok

Rafika, Abizar, Vivi Fitriani — Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This traditional ethnobotanical research was conducted in Nagari Sungai Nanam, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra, which is rich in flora. This Nagari is located in a mountainous area with a type A climate, covering an area of 164.54 km² at an altitude of 1.400-1.600 meters above sea level, with cool/cold air and high rainfall (260 mm/year). These conditions support a diversity of plants, most of which are used in traditional ceremonies. This descriptive research used direct observation and interviews with the community, ninik mamak (head of the tribe), bundo sihu (head of the tribe), and traditional leaders to understand local knowledge about plants, their parts used, and the meaning and philosophy of their use in traditional ceremonies. 17 plant species from 13 families were identified., including Piper betle L., Areca catechu L., Arenga pinnata L., Nicotiana tabacum L., Enhydra fluctuans Lour, Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb, Cheilocostus speciosus (J. Koenig) C. Specht, Kalanchoe laciniata L., Citrus aurantifolia Swingle, Citrus hystrix DC, Citrus medica L., Vitex trifolia L., Musa paradisiaca L., Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav, Cordyline fruticosa L., Saccharum officinarum L, dan Sacciolepis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf

Fermented Local Food ‘Dali Ni Horbo’ from North Sumatra: Laboratory Formulation and Development of E-Flipbook for Biotechnology Subject

Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Biotechnology is a fascinating and essential topic in high school education, requiring hands-on laboratory practices and the development of up-to-date teaching materials. Integrating conventional biotechnology with local wisdom can enhance its relevance and appeal. One traditional fermented product with educational potential is Dali Ni Horbo (DNH), a Batak dairy product produced through natural milk coagulation. Its fermentation characteristics make it suitable as a contextual medium for biotechnology learning, yet practical and innovative resources involving local products remain limited. This study aims to formulate DNH using cow's milk and goat's milk combined with natural coagulants, namely pineapple juice (Ananas comosus L.), papaya leaf juice (Carica papaya L.), and bilimbi juice (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), as well as to determine the optimal formulation based on organoleptic tests, evaluate the effect of different formulations on DNH quality, and assess the feasibility of DNH laboratory guidelines in the form of an E-Flipbook through expert validation and student feedback. The study employed an experimental research design integrated with the Research and Development (R&D) methodology. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Two-Way ANOVA, and Welch tests. Organoleptic testing by five panelists indicated that the optimal formulation was the SSN10 treatment, consisting of 200 mL cow’s milk and 10 mL pineapple juice, with a favorability score of 3.6%. Further analysis showed that the type of milk and natural coagulant used had no significant effect on the color, aroma, texture, or taste of DNH. The developed E-Flipbook demonstrated strong feasibility, receiving ratings of 95% (“Very Good”) from material validators, 93.3% (“Very Good”) from media validators, and 78% (“Good”) from language validators. Student responses were “Very Positive,” with an approval rating of 84.31%. These findings suggest that DNH can function as an effective learning material, providing practical fermentation applications while supporting the preservation of local cultural heritage.

Skrining Bakteri Endofit dari Daun Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) Penghasil Antibiotik

Nur Arfa Yanti, Nurul Amalia, Jamili — Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to isolate endophytic bacteria from sea holly leaves (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) and determine their antibacterial activity against two indicator bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218. This study is an exploratory study. Isolation of endophytic bacteria from sea holly leaves was carried out using the tissue section method on Nutrient Agar media. Antibacterial activity was tested using the well diffusion method. Characterization of endophytic bacteria was carried out based on phenotypic characters, namely colony and cell morphology characters, biochemical characters and physiological characters. A total of nine endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from sea holly leaves. Based on the results of the antibacterial test, three endophytic bacterial isolates, namely isolate DM1.1, isolate DM1.2 and isolate DM2.3 were able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli with a strong inhibition category. The characteristics of endophytic bacterial isolates DM1.1, DM1.2 and DM2.3 are rod-shaped cells (bacilli), Gram-positive, motile, catalase-negative, aerobic and able to grow at high salinity. Thus, endophytic bacteria from sea holly leaves have the potential to produce antibiotics.

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot ) Dan Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) sebagai Bahan Aktif Antimikroba Dalam Pembuatan Hand Sanitizer

Wandy Murti Prasetya, Samsi Burhan, Sitti Wirdhana Ahmad, Nur Arfa Yanti, Murni — Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Infection remains a major public health concern in developing countries, including Indonesia. Microorganisms easily adhere to the hands through daily environmental contact, making the use of hand sanitizers an essential preventive measure. Although alcohol-based formulations are effective antimicrobial agents, frequent use may cause skin irritation. Therefore, natural compounds derived from traditional medicinal plants offer a safer alternative. Abelmoschus manihot L. (gedi) and Chromolaena odorata L. (kirinyuh) contain bioactive metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins with known antimicrobial properties. This study formulated hand sanitizers using extracts from both plants and evaluated their activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Malassezia furfur. Organoleptic assessment indicated that the preparations were liquid, with F1 (kirinyuh extract) exhibiting a green color and F2 (gedi extract) a yellowish-green color, and both were non-sticky and produced a cooling sensation. Antimicrobial testing revealed that F1 generated the largest inhibition zones against E. coli (21.19 mm) and M. furfur (26.20 mm), while F2 showed the highest activity against S. epidermidis (10.57 mm) and M. furfur (19.38 mm). However, the strong natural odor of the extracts remains a limitation, indicating the need for added fragrance to enhance product acceptability.

Senyawa Prolin, Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Tumbuhan Kamama (Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robins) di Desa Wadiabero Kecamatan Gu Wilayah Karst Kabupaten Buton Tengah

indrawati indrawati, Muhsin, Sitti Wirdhana Ahmad — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the levels of proline and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity of Kamama (Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robins) from Wadiabero Village, Gu District, Central Buton Regency. The type of exploratory research uses quantitative and qualitative methods. 600 grams of the simplicia were extracted using 96% ethanol followed by measurement of proline and flavonoid content using spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity testing was conducted using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel to obtain the linear regression equation in determining the levels of proline and flavonoid compounds and the IC₅₀ value. The result showed that the proline compound content of Kamama (Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robins) was 18,980 μmol/gram The flavonoid compound content was 2885 mg QE/g. The antioxidant activity of Kamama (Litsea glutinosa (Lour) C. B. Robins) has an IC₅₀ value of 74,391, indicating strong antioxidant activity.

Analisis Morfometerik Siput (Littorina scabra L.) yang Menempel Pada Tumbuhan Mangrove Di Teluk Kendari

Jamili, Sitti Zakia, Nasaruddin, La Ode Adi Parman Rudia — Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the distribution and morphometric characteristics of the snail (Littorina scabra L.) attached to mangrove plants in Kendari Bay and to identify differences in morphometric size based on the type of mangrove on which they attach. This research is a descriptive quantitative study conducted in the mangrove area of Kendari Bay from June to July 2025. Samples were collected using purposive sampling at two research stations, namely in Lahundape and Watu-Watu Villages. Snail samples were taken directly from the roots, stems, and leaves of mangroves, and morphometric measurements were conducted, including shell length, shell width, aperture length, aperture width, and body whorl length using a vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.05 mm.The results showed that the distribution of L. scabra varied across different parts of the mangrove plants, with the highest number of individuals found on the stems and the lowest on the leaves. The morphometric sizes of L. scabra ranged from shell length 13.71–20.87 mm, shell width 8.77–12.3 mm, aperture length 7.18–10.8 mm, aperture width 6.93–9.23 mm, and body whorl length 10.51–14.9 mm. The largest size was found on Rhizophora mucronata with an average shell length of 20.87 mm, while the smallest was on Sonneratia alba with a shell length of 13.71 mm. These findings indicate that microhabitat conditions and mangrove vegetation structure influe.

Keywords: Morphometric, Littorina scabra L., Mangrove, Kendari Bay, Distribution.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan morfometrik siput (Littorina scabra L.) yang menempel pada tumbuhan mangrove di Teluk Kendari serta mengetahui perbedaan ukuran morfometrik berdasarkan jenis mangrove yang menjadi tempat menempel. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang dilakukan di kawasan mangrove Teluk Kendari pada bulan Juni hingga Juli 2025. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling pada dua stasiun penelitian, yaitu di Kelurahan Lahundape dan Kelurahan Watu-Watu. Sampel siput L. scabra diambil secara langsung dari bagian akar, batang dan daun mangrove kemudian dilakukan pengukuran morfometrik meliputi panjang cangkang, lebar cangkang, panjang bukaan cangkang, lebar bukaan cangkang dan panjang lingkaran tubuh menggunakan jangka sorong dengan ketelitian 0,05 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi L. scabra bervariasi pada setiap bagian tumbuhan mangrove, dengan jumlah individu tertinggi didapatkan pada bagian batang dan terendah pada daun. Ukuran morfometrik L. scabra bervariasi antara panjang cangkang 13,71–20,87 mm, lebar cangkang 8,77–12,3 mm, panjang bukaan cangkang 7,18–10,8 mm, lebar bukaan cangkang 6,93–9,23 mm dan panjang lingkaran tubuh 10,51–14,9 mm. Ukuran tertinggi diperoleh pada Rhizophora mucronata dengan panjang cangkang rata-rata 20,87 mm, sedangkan terendah terdapat pada Sonneratia alba dengan panjang cangkang 13,71 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi mikrohabitat dan struktur vegetasi mangrove berpengaruh terhadap variasi ukuran morfometrik siput L. scabra di Teluk Kendari.

Kata kunci: Morfometrik, Littorina scabra L. Mangrove, Teluk Kendari, Distribusi