Utilization of Brazilian Spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) Leaf Extract as a Burn Medicine in Mice (Mus musculus)

Abstrak

Burns are symptoms of trauma to the skin, face, or tissues of the body caused by heat sources, radiation sources, exposure to certain chemical compounds, and high voltage electrical sources. The treatment of burns is done by considering the extent and depth of the burn. The utilization of natural ingredients in the form of Brazilian spinach leaves (Alternanthera sissoo) is an alternative to commercial burn medicine. Brazilian spinach leaf samples were extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. After that, the extract of brazilian spinach leaves was carried out phytochemical screening to determine the content of phytochemical compounds that succeeded through the extraction process. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that the brazilian spinach leaf extract contained phytochemical compounds including: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. Before being used for treatment in the in vivo test, the ethanol extract of brazilian spinach leaves was made into an ointment preparation. The finished ointment was then added with ethanol extract of brazilian amaranth leaves with 3 variations of concentration, namely 2%, 4%, and 8% concentrations. Furthermore, in the in vivo test, 20 BALB/C mice were grouped into 5 different treatment groups. The treatment groups include: KN (Negative Control), KP (Positive Control), P1 (2% ointment treatment), P2 (4% ointment treatment), and P3 (8% ointment treatment). All mice had their dorsal hair removed and were made to experience burn conditions by attaching hot metal to their dorsal parts. After that, treatment and observation were carried out for 7 days. Parameters observed were burn scoring and burn surface area scoring. The results showed that the 7-day treatment could reduce the parameters of burn scoring and burn surface area scoring. The most optimal results were found in the Brazilian spinach leaf extract ointment treatment group with a concentration of 4%.